Cal Chengqi Fang is a PhD candidate in Health Services Research at the University of Chicago. His research documents how American hospitals, especially nonprofit ones, behave as financial and organizational actors, and what that means for patients and communities. Using large-scale administrative data and causal inference methods, he examines how hospitals borrow and invest capital, pursue patient debt collection, and interact with other parts of the healthcare system, including prehospital emergency care. His work aims to inform the public and policymakers about how hospitals in America operate today. He earned his bachelor's degree in international politics and sociology from Peking University and a Master of Public Policy from the University of Chicago.